Aliados de la Primera Guerra Mundial
Mapamundi que muestra los participantes en la Primera Guerra Mundial. Entente y los Aliados (algunos entraron en la guerra o han abandonado más tarde) Potencias Centrales Países neutrales
Evolución de las alianzas en la Primera Guerra Mundial: Entente Colonia, dominio y/o territorios ocupados por la Entente Potencias centrales Territorio ocupado por las potencias centrales y/o sus colonias Neutral
Los Aliados fueron países en guerra con las Potencias Centrales durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. El bloque aliado tuvo su origen en la Triple Entente, integrada por Francia, el Reino Unido y Rusia. En sentido estricto comenzaron a llamarse así tras la firma del Pacto de Londres, el 5 de septiembre de 1914, por el que los beligerantes se comprometían a no firmar una paz por separado.[1]
Índice
1 Principales países aliados
2 Otros países aliados
3 Aliados nominales
4 Fuerzas y pérdidas de las potencias aliadas
5 Véase también
6 Referencias
7 Bibliografía
Principales países aliados
Reino de Bélgica (incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Reino de Serbia
Tercera República Francesa (incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Imperio ruso (hasta marzo de 1917), el Gobierno Provisional Ruso capituló en noviembre de 1917.
Imperio británico
Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda
Australia
Territorios británicos de ultramar
Raj británico
Canadá
Dominio de Terranova
Nueva Zelanda
Unión Sudafricana
Reino de Italia (a partir de abril de 1915 e incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Estados Unidos de América (con la Fuerza Expedicionaria Estadounidense a partir de 1917)
Puerto Rico (su desempeño fue en el canal de Panamá desde mayo de 1917 con el 65.º Regimiento de Infantería (Estados Unidos), conocido en inglés como 65th Infantry Regiment (United States)
Dominio de Terranova
Otros países aliados
Otros países que tuvieron participación militar:
Reino de Montenegro
Gran Imperio del Japón
República Portuguesa (a partir de marzo de 1916 e incluyendo sus fuerzas coloniales)
Reino de Rumanía (de agosto de 1916 a mayo de 1918)
Reino de Grecia (el Gobierno de Defensa Nacional declaró la guerra a las Potencias Centrales en noviembre de 1916, el estado lo hizo en junio de 1917)
Principado de Albania
Brasil (a partir de octubre de 1917)
República Democrática de Armenia (a partir de mayo de 1918)
Checoslovaquia (con la Legión Checoslovaca)
Reino de Finlandia (a partir de octubre de 1918)
Reino de Nepal (sus fuerzas se integraron en el Ejército Indio Británico)
Reino de Siam
San Marino (a partir de junio de 1915)
Reino de Siam
Aliados nominales
Países que declararon la guerra a las Potencias Centrales pero que no participaron militarmente:
República de China (a partir de agosto de 1917)
Costa Rica (a partir de mayo de 1918)
Cuba (a partir de abril de 1917)
Guatemala (a partir de abril de 1918)
Liberia (a partir de agosto de 1917)
Haití (a partir de julio de 1918)
Honduras (a partir de julio de 1918)
Nicaragua (a partir de mayo de 1918)
Panamá (en abril de 1917 declaró la guerra a Alemania, en diciembre de 1917 al Imperio Austrohúngaro).
Fuerzas y pérdidas de las potencias aliadas
Gráfica circular mostrando las bajas de las fuerzas aliadas.
| País | Fuerzas movilizadas | Muertos en combate | Heridos en combate | Pérdidas totales | Porcentaje de pérdidas respecto al total de fuerzas movilizadas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 412 953 | 61 928[2] | 152 171 | 214 099 | 52% |
| Bélgica | 267 000 | 38 172[3] | 44 686 | 82 858 | 31% |
| Canadá | 28 964 | 56 639[4] | 149 732 | 214 676 | 34% |
| Estados Unidos | 4 355 000 | 116 708[5] | 205 690 | 322 398 | 7% |
| Francia | 8 410 000 | 1 186 000[6] | 4 266 000 | 5 663 800 | 67% |
| Grecia | 230 000 | 26 000[7] | 21 000 | 47 000 | 20% |
| India | 1 440 437 | 74 187[8] | 143 401 | 217 588 | 15% |
| Italia | 5 615 000 | 651 010[9] | 953 886 | 1 604 896 | 29% |
| Japón | 800 000 | 415[10] | 907 | 1322 | <1% |
| Montenegro | 50 000 | 3000 | 10 000 | 13 000 | 26% |
| Nueva Zelanda | 128 525 | 18 050[11] | 41 317 | 59 367 | 46% |
| Terranova | 11 922 | 1204[12] | 2314 | 3518 | 30% |
| Portugal | 100 000 | 7222[13] | 13 751 | 20 973 | 21% |
| Reino Unido | 6 200 000 | 885 138[14] | 1 663 435 | 2 548 573 | 41% |
| Rumanía | 750 000 | 250 000[15] | 120 000 | 370 000 | 43% |
| Rusia | 12 000 000 | 1 811 000[16] | 4 950 000 | 6 761 000 | 59% |
| Serbia | 707 343 | 275 000[17] | 133 148 | 408 148 | 20% |
| Sudáfrica | 136 070 | 9463[18] | 12 029 | 21 492 | 16% |
| Total | 42 243 214 | 5 691 241 | 12 809 280 | 18 500 521 | 44% |
Rusia | 173,2 | 21.700.000 km² | 257,7 |
Francia | 39,8 | 500.000 km² | 138,7 |
Reino Unido | 46 | 300.000 km² | 226,4 |
Italia | 35.6 | 300.000 km² | 93,3 |
Estados Unidos | 96,5 | 7.800.000 km² | 511,6 |
Total | 793,3 | 67.500.000 km² | 1.096,5 |
Véase también
- Aliados de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
- Aliados Occidentales
Referencias
↑ Stevenson, 2013, p. 106.
↑ Pérdidas australianas
Included in total are 55,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds-.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.-
Totals include 2,005 military deaths during 1919-21-. The 1922 War Office report listed 59,330 Army war dead.
↑ Belgium casualties
Included in total are 35,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds Figures include 13,716 killed and 24,456 missing up until Nov.11, 1918. "These figures are approximate only, the records being incomplete.".
↑ Canada casualties
Included in total are 53,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 3,789 military deaths during 1919-21 and 150 Merchant Navy deaths-. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 56,639 Army war dead.
↑ United States casualties
Official military war deaths listed by the US Dept. of Defense for the period ending Dec. 31, 1918 are 116,516; which includes 53,402 battle deaths and 63,114 other deaths.[1], The US Coast Guard lost an additional 192 dead.
↑ France casualties
Included in total are 1,186,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. Totals include the deaths of 71,100 French colonial troops. -Figures include war related military deaths of 28,600 from 11/11/1918 to 6/1/1919.
↑ Greece casualties
Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War One listed 8,365 combat related deaths and 3,255 missing, The Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis estimated total dead of 26,000 including 15,000 military deaths due disease
↑ India casualties
British India included present-day India, Pakistán and Bangladés.
Included in total are 27,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 15,069 military deaths during 1919-21 and 1,841 Canadian Merchant Navy dea. The 1922 War Office report listed 64,454 Army war dead
↑ Italy casualties
Included in total are 433,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
Figures of total military dead are from a 1925 Italian report using official data.
↑ War dead figure is from a 1991 history of the Japanese Army.
↑ New Zealand casualties
Included in total are 14,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 702 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 16,711 Army war dead.
↑ Newfoundland casualties
Newfoundland was a Dominion at the time, and not part of Canadá. The 1922 War Office report listed 1,204 Army war dead
↑ Portugal casualties
Figures include the following killed and died of other causes up until Jan.1, 1920; 1,689 in France and 5,332 in Africa. Figures do not include an additional 12,318 listed as missing and POW.
↑ UK and Crown Colonies casualties
Included in total are 624,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Military dead total includes 34,663 deaths during 1919-21 and 13,632 British Merchant Navy deaths. The losses of Newfoundland are listed separately on this table. The 1922 War Office report listed 702,410 war dead for the UK, 507 from "Other colonies" and the Royal Navy (32,287).
The British Merchant Navy losses of 14,661 were listed separately; The 1922 War Office report detailed the deaths of 310 military personnel due to air and sea bombardment of the UK.
↑ Romania casualties
Military dead is "The figure reported by the Rumanian Government in reply to a questionnaire from the International Labour Office". Included in total are 177,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.
↑ Russia casualties
Included in total are 1,451,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds. The estimate of total Russian military losses was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis.
↑ Serbia casualties
Included in total are 165,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds.The estimate of total combined Serbian and Montenegrin military losses of 278,000 was made by the Soviet researcher Boris Urlanis
↑ South Africa casualties
Included in total are 5,000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2005-2006 is the source of total military dead.
Totals include 380 military deaths during 1919-21. The 1922 War Office report listed 7,121 Army war dead.
↑ S.N. Broadberry, Mark Harrison. The Economics of World War I. illustrated ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005, pgs. 7-8.
Bibliografía
- Ellis, John and Mike Cox. The World War I Databook: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants (2002)
- Esposito, Vincent J. The West Point Atlas of American Wars: 1900-1918 (1997) despite the title covers entire war; online maps from this atlas
- Falls, Cyril. The Great War (1960), general military history
- Higham, Robin and Dennis E. Showalter, eds. Researching World War I: A Handbook (2003), historiography, stressing military themes
- Pope, Stephen and Wheal, Elizabeth-Anne, eds. The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War (1995)
Stevenson, David (2013). 1914-1918. Historia de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores/Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-84-672-5794-6.
- Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2004)
- Trask, David F. The United States in the Supreme War Council: American War Aims and Inter-Allied Strategy, 1917-1918 (1961)
- Tucker, Spencer, ed. The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History (5 volumes) (2005), online at eBook.com
- Tucker, Spencer, ed. European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia (1999)
